108
and which are required to be run by the various companies in return for their subsidies :-
STEAMSHIP SERVICES ORDERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS,
109
Lince.
Vessels on the Line and their Departure
Period's during which the Government Recipients of Order.
Order takes Effect.
European Service : Antwerp Line
11 vessels employed: 7,500 to 12,000 tous grose each; speed, 15–16 knots; regular service, once every fortnight.
Commencing with
January 1916
Nippon
Kaisha.
Ypsen
Linea.
Line connecting Hok- kaido with Main- land.
Dairen Line
Vessels on the Lite and their Departare.
2 vessels employed; over 700 tons gross each: maximum speed over 10 knots; regular service, nace or more every day.
4 vessels employed; over 2,000 tous gross each maximum speed over 14 knots; regular service, twice or more a week.
Pertods during
which the Government Recipients of Order.
Order takes Effect.
Commencing with October 1915 and ending in March 1918. Commencing with April 1916 and ending in Marchi 1918.
Kits
Nippon Kisen Kaisha.
Shoseu
Kaisha.
Osaka
and ending December 1917. !
Sea of Japan Service:
Karafuto Line
North American Ser-
1
vice:
Puget Sound Line
San Francisco Line
6 vessels employed; 5,500 to 9,700 tons gross each; speed, 14-16 knots; regular service, once every fortnight.
3 vessels employed: 12,500 to 18.500 tons gross each speed, 18-20 knots; regular service, once or more every four weeks.
South American Ser-
vice:
West Coast Line
3 vessels employed: 6,000 to 9,700 tons.
gross each; speed, 13–15 knots; regular service, once in two months.
Do+
Do.
Do.
Nippon Fusen
Kaisha Bod Osaka Shosen Kaisha.
2 vessels employed; over 700 tons gross each; maximum speed, over 10 knots; regular service thrice or more in April. five times or more a month from May to November, and twice or more December,
Do.
Nippon Yusen
Kaleba.
Do.
Toyo
Kaisha
Kiseti
Tauruga Vindivos- tock Line.
Otaru-Vladivostock
Line.
Australian Service: Melbourne Line
Juva Line -
China Service
Shangbai - Hankow
Live.
Hankow Ichang Line
Hankow
Live,
Siangtau
Hankow
Line.
Changtu
Shanghai Line
-
North Chiun Line
3 vessels employed; 5,000 to 7,500 tons gross each speed, 15-17 knots; regular service, once a month.
1 vessels employed; over 3,000 tons gross each; maximum speed, over 11 knots; regular service, once or more every four week.
6 steel steamers employed; over 2,000 tons gross rich; maximum speed, over 11 knots; regular service, four times or more a week from March to December, and six times or more every fortnight in January and February.
2 steel steamers employed; over 1,500 tons gross cuch: maximum speed over 10 knots regular service, six times or tore a month from April to September, and five times or more a month from October to March of the following year. 2 steel steamers employed; over 800 tous gross each: maximum speed over 7 kunts regular service, right times or more month, except in the period during which the water of the river is diminished in volume.
I steel steamer employed; over 800 tons gross, maximum speed, over 7 knots; regular service, twice or more a month,! except in the period during which the water of the river is diminished in volume.
Kobe Shanghai Line; 2 vessels employed; over 3000 tons gross exel; maximum spood, over 14 knots; regular service once or more a week, Yokobama-Shanghai Line: 2 vessels of over 2,500 tons gross each, having the maximum speed of over 14 knots; and 3 additional ships are employed on regular service twice or more a week. Kobe-Newahwang Line: 4 vessels em- ployed over 1,500 tons grua cach; maximum speed, over 12 knots; regular service, once or more a week, Yokohamu-Newchwang Line, additional to the above line additional ships are employed ou x regular service once or more every fortnight.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Commencing with
October 1915 and ending in March 1918.
Do.
Nippou
Tuseu
Kaisha.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Du.
Do.
Nippon Yusea
Kaisha.
Commencing with April 1916 and ending in March
1918.
Rubyu
Yusen
Line conuecting Nobo with Kagoshima.
Kaisha.
Do.
| Nisshiv
Kuisha,
Kisen
1 vessel employed; over 2,000 tous grosa : maximum speed over 14 kno18: regular service, once or more a week. Direct line 1 vessel employed; over 1,100 tobs gross; maximum speed, over 11 knots; regalar service, once or more a month, January being excepted. Circuitous line; the same vessel is em- ployed on a regular service once or more a month from March to August. The services of the above two lines are to
Do.
Osaka Shosen
Kaisha.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
be carried on alternately.
I vessel employed; over 1,000 tons gruss; maximum speed, over 10 knots; regular service, six times or more a month.
British shipowners, before the war, were feeling the competition most keenly in the trade between British India and the Far East, and in all the coasting services east of Singapore. The Japanese had secured the lion's share of the trans-Pacific trade, and during the war British interests in the Pacific may be said to be only nominally represented by 7 steamers as against 27 vessels employed by the Japanese
Owing to the system of subsidies in the foreign traffic, and a ruthless cutting of freights in the coasting traffic, the share of Japanese shipping in the trade of China is increasing rapidly.
The following comparative table shows the percentage of the share taken by the British and Japanese flags in the carrying trade of China from and to foreign countries and also between the open ports of China during the years 1910, 1913, and 1914
Do.
Do.
Percentages.
Flag-
1910.
1913.
1914,
Foreign
Const
Total Foreign Coast Trade. Trade. Trale Trade.
Trade.
Total Foreign Coast Total Trade. Trade. Trade. Tracle.
Do.
British Japanese
43.34 39.00 40.97 41 16 18.40 13.96 16.98 22.20
42.28 41-75 41.96 38-31 40.07 16.94 19.44 24-30 16-90 20.43
The Japanese Government not only foster their shipping by means of an annual subsidy of about 1,000,000l., but they close their coasting trade to all foreign countries; whereas Japanese ships are allowed free entry not only into the coasting trade of the United Kingdom, but into that of India. There is a very strong feeling on the part of British shipowners that the Indian coasting trade should be reserved for British ships,
The Nippon Yusen Kaisha was and is a member both of the Outward and Homeward Shipping Conferences between Europe, Straits, and China ports, notwith- standing the fact that the freight rates charged must be approved by the Japanese Government, which fixes maximum charges.
Q 3
651
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